Product Discovery Framework

What is an Opportunity Solution Tree?

The Opportunity Solution Tree (OST) is a visual framework that helps product teams chart the best path to their desired outcome. Created by Teresa Torres, it's become the go-to tool for teams practicing continuous discovery.

The Four Layers of an OST

Outcome
Opportunity
Solution
Assumption
Increase user engagement by 20%
Users struggle to find relevant content
Personalized recommendations
Users will click on recommendations
We can predict preferences accurately
Improved search functionality
Users will use search more
Users forget to return to the app
Smart notifications
Users won't find notifications annoying

Understanding the Four Layers

Each layer of the tree serves a specific purpose in connecting business value to customer value.

Outcome

The desired business impact at the top of the tree. This is what your team is trying to achieve - typically a product outcome that measures customer behavior or sentiment.

Examples:

  • Increase user engagement by 20%
  • Reduce churn rate to under 5%
  • Improve NPS by 15 points
Opportunity

Customer needs, pain points, and desires that, if addressed, will drive your outcome. Opportunities come from customer research and interviews, not assumptions.

Examples:

  • Users struggle to find relevant content
  • Users forget to return to the app
  • Users can't complete tasks on mobile
Solution

Ideas to address the opportunities. For each opportunity, you should explore multiple solutions before deciding which to pursue.

Examples:

  • Personalized recommendations
  • Smart notifications
  • Simplified mobile navigation
Assumption

Testable hypotheses that must be true for your solution to work. Test the riskiest assumptions first to learn quickly and avoid wasted effort.

Examples:

  • Users will click on recommendations
  • Users won't find notifications annoying
  • Users can complete checkout in 3 taps

Benefits of Using an OST

Opportunity Solution Trees help product trios work more effectively together.

Resolve Business vs. Customer Tension

OSTs start with business outcomes but ensure you reach them through customer-centric opportunities.

Build Shared Understanding

The visual nature of OSTs helps product trios align on priorities and see the full picture.

Adopt a Continuous Mindset

OSTs evolve as you learn, encouraging iteration rather than big-bang planning.

Unlock Better Decisions

By comparing and contrasting opportunities and solutions, teams make more informed choices.

Faster Learning Cycles

Focus on assumptions helps teams learn quickly what works and what doesn't.

Simpler Stakeholder Communication

Share your OST at the right level of detail to keep stakeholders informed without overwhelming them.

How to Create an OST

Follow these steps to create your first Opportunity Solution Tree.

  1. 1

    Meet the Prerequisites

    Have a defined outcome and conduct 3-4 customer interviews before starting.

  2. 2

    Put Your Outcome at the Top

    Start with a clear, measurable product outcome that drives business value.

  3. 3

    Map the Opportunity Space

    Structure opportunities from your customer research into a hierarchy.

  4. 4

    Choose a Target Opportunity

    Select one small opportunity to focus on. Don't try to solve everything at once.

  5. 5

    Brainstorm Solutions

    Generate multiple solution ideas for your target opportunity.

  6. 6

    Identify Assumptions

    Break solutions into assumptions that must be true for them to work.

  7. 7

    Test and Learn

    Test riskiest assumptions first, then iterate based on what you learn.

Who Should Use an OST?

Opportunity Solution Trees are designed for product trios - a product manager, designer, and engineer working together. The visual nature helps the whole team align on what to build and why.

OSTs are especially valuable for teams practicing continuous discovery - regularly interviewing customers, testing assumptions, and iterating on their product strategy.

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about Opportunity Solution Trees

Ready to build your first OST?

Outcomify is the purpose-built tool for Opportunity Solution Trees. Start your free trial today.